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Objectives: We sought to evaluate 2-year outcome of V-V ECMO support for COVID-19 related severe respiratory failure in our center. Method(s): Retrospective analysis of 41 consecutive patients (73% male, mean age 51.6+/-14.2 years, mean BMI 35.1+/-12.5 kg/m2) with critical hypoxemic and/or hypercapnic refractory respiratory failure (mean P/F ratio 67.9+/-14.3 mmHg, mean pCO2 77.6.0+/-185.7 mmHg, Murray Score 3.71+/-0.4) on V-V ECMO support from October 2020 to January 2022 Results: With mean support duration of 234.4+/-63.2 hours, 29 patients (70.7%) were successfully weaned off. Finally, 19 of them (46.3%) were discharged home with good neurological outcome (CPC 1,2). During followup, 30-day, 6-, 12-, and 24 -month survival rate was 61.3%, 46.2%, 41.9%, and 41,9% respectively. In survivor group shorter symptoms onset to respiratory failure time (4+/-4.7 vs. 7+/-6.7 days, p=0.04), higher P/F ration (86+/-41.5 vs. 65+/-37.5 mmHg, p=0.04) and norepinephrine support (0.03+/-0.06 vs. 0.09+/-0.12 ug/kg/min, p=0.04), and lower IL-6 level (12.3+/-7.5 vs. 25.9+/-8.8 ng/l, p=0.03) p=0.01) were analysed before cannulation. Mean in-ICU stay and in-hospital stay in survivors;groups reached 32.5+/-27.7 days and 42.6+/-35.8 days, respectively. All long-term survivors (17 patients) complained about slight functional health limitation only with normal 6MWT (542.6+/- 89.2 min), near to normal spirometry parameters (FEV/VC 87+/-7.4%, DLCO 63.1+/-13.7%, KCO 82.,1+/-19.4%) and minimal neurological disability (CPC 1-2) Conclusion(s): 2-year outcome of V-V ECMO support in COVID-19 severe respiratory failure is acceptable even in the scope of low-volume ECMO centre. Reported functional status of long-term survivors was good despite the complicated and prolonged in-hospital stay. (Table Presented).
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Background & Aim: The long-term effects of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment on COVID-19 patients have not been fully characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a MSC treatment administered to severe COVID-19 patients enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT 04288102). Methods, Results & Conclusion(s): A total of 100 patients experiencing severe COVID-19 received either MSC treatment (n = 65, 4x107 cells per infusion) or a placebo (n = 35) combined with standard of care on days 0, 3, and 6. Patients were subsequently evaluated 18 and 24 months after treatment to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of the MSC treatment. The outcomes measured included: 6-minute walking distance (6-MWD), lung imaging, quality of life according to the Short Form 36 questionnaire, COVID-19-related symptoms, titers of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, MSC-related adverse events (AEs), and tumor markers. Two years after treatment, a marginally smaller proportion of patients had a 6-MWD below the lower limit of the normal range in the MSC group than in the placebo group (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04-0.80, Fisher's exact test, p = 0.015). On the SF-36 questionnaire, a marginally higher general health score was received by the MSC group at month 18 compared with the placebo group (50.00 vs. 35.00;95% CI: 0.00-20.00, Wilcoxon rank sum test, p = 0.016). In contrast, there were no differences in the total severity score of lung imaging or the titer of neutralizing antibodies between the two groups. Meanwhile, there were no MSC-related AEs reported at the 18- or 24-month follow-ups. The serum levels of most of the tumor markers examined remained within normal ranges and were similar between the MSC and placebo groups. Long-term safety was observed for the COVID-19 patients who received MSC treatment. Yet few sustained efficacy of MSC treatment was observed at the end of the 2-year follow-up period. Funding(s): The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1105604, 2020YFC0860900), the specific research fund of The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province (YSPTZX202216) and the Fund of National Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, PLA General Hospital (NCRCID202105,413FZT6). [Figure presented]Copyright © 2023 International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy
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Post-COVID syndrome develops after COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) and leads to cumulative effects in the form of shortness of breath and impaired lung function. Notably, patients with airway inflammation and COVID-19 were found to have increased concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA). Since bovhyaluronidase azoximer (Longidase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of HA, this drug has the potential to reduce HA levels and improve lung function in patients with post-COVID syndrome. The aim of the DISSOLVE trial, which was conducted early in the pandemic, was to investigate the efficacy and safety of bovhyaluronidase azoximer in patients with symptoms associated with post-COVID syndrome. Methods. An open, prospective, controlled, comparative, multicenter clinical trial (NCT04645368) included adult patients (n = 160) who had post-COVID syndrome. Patients in the treatment group (n = 81) received bovhyaluronidase azoximer, and individuals in the control group (n = 79) were followed up without intervention. The study included physical examination, evaluation of forced vital capacity (FVC), assessment of dyspnea with the Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC), 6-minute walking test, and pulse oximetry. These indicators were measured on 3 visits, at days 1 (baseline), 75, and 180. In addition, the number of patients who experienced adverse events and serious adverse events were recorded. Results. Baseline patient characteristics in the treatment group and the control group were similar. In the treatment group, there was a statistically significant reduction in residual pulmonary abnormalities after visit 2 (day 75) and visit 3 (day 180). In addition, FVC, pulse oximetry values, and functional exercise tolerance increased statistically significantly at days 75 and 180 compared to baseline. The mMRC scores for dyspnea decreased statistically significantly in the treatment group over 75 days. The safety profile of the drug was reported to be favorable throughout the study. Conclusion. Treatment with bovhyaluronidase azoximer in patients with post-COVID syndrome showed improvement in FVC, pulse oximetry, functional exercise tolerance, and mMRC dyspnea.Copyright © Chuchalin A.G. et al., 2023.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigated the dynamic ventilatory responses and their influence on functional exercise capacity in patients with long-COVID-19 syndrome (LCS). RESULTS: Sixteen LCS patients were subjected to resting lung function (spirometry and respiratory oscillometry-RO) and cardiopulmonary performance to exercise (Spiropalm®-equipped six-minute walk test-6MWT and cardiopulmonary exercise test-CPX). At rest, spirometry showed a normal, restrictive and obstructive pattern in 87.5%, 6.25% and 6.25% of participants, respectively. At rest, RO showed increased resonance frequency, increased integrated low-frequency reactance and increased difference between resistance at 4-20 Hz (R4-R20) in 43.7%, 50%, and 31.2% of participants, respectively. The median of six-minute walking distance (DTC6) was 434 (386-478) m, which corresponds to a value of 83% (78-97%) of predicted. Dynamic hyperinflation (DH) and reduced breathing reserve (BR) were detected in 62.5% and 12.5% of participants, respectively. At CPX, the median peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was 19 (14-37) ml/kg/min. There was a significant correlation of 6MWD with both R4-R20 (rs=-0.499, P = 0.039) and VO2peak (rs=0.628, P = 0.009). Our results indicate that DH and low BR are contributors to poor exercise performance, which is associated with peripheral airway disease. These are promising results considering that they were achieved with simple, portable ventilatory and metabolic systems.
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COVID-19 , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Humans , Walk Test , Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome , COVID-19/complications , Lung , Walking/physiology , Exercise Test/methodsABSTRACT
PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: Poor physical performance and negative mood are two risk factors for functional decline among older adults with lung cancer. Yet, targeted interventions to maintain independence prevent functional decline are not well studied. Our primary objective was to assess the feasibility of a novel virtual health physical therapy (PT) plus progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) intervention with longitudinal microbiome biospecimen collection delivered to older adults with advanced lung cancer. Secondary objectives were to characterize functional status and clinical factors pre and post-study intervention. NUMBER OF SUBJECTS: We accrued adults aged >=60 years with advanced non-small cell or extensive-stage small cell lung cancer receiving treatment at The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSU-JCCC) in the Thoracic Oncology department (N=22). There were no exclusion criteria pertaining to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, laboratory values, prior cancer diagnoses, presence of comorbidities, or brain metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were asked about functional status, symptoms, mood through the PHQ-9, GAD-7, POMS, and acceptability questions about the program. PT evaluation and assessment included SPPB and 2- or 6-minute walk test outcomes. The study sought to collect gut microbiome samples for every in-person visit and activity monitoring data (Actigraph) on a subset. Feasibility was defined as successfully collecting specimens, wearing an Actigraph activity monitor, and adhering to the intervention. PT and psychologists evaluated participants in-person at the first and final visit. The rest of the 12-week intervention was conducted via virtual health. Physical therapy intervention consisted of endurance, strength, and flexibility exercises. RESULT(S): In total, 22 patients consented and 18 started the intervention (81.8%). Seven microbiome samples were collected from four participants. Six patients collected activity monitoring data. Among the 18 participants, 11 participants (61.1%) completed 70% or more of all the intervention visits. The SPPB data show a moderate effect size (Cohen's d=0.24) from pre- to post-data. On average patients improved by 1.8 total points on the SPPB. Patients demonstrated improvement on timed walk tests throughout intervention from an average of 108 feet pre-intervention to an average of 138.4 feet post intervention. CONCLUSION(S): Despite the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, longitudinal biospecimen and correlative data collection were feasible in the context of PT and PMR intervention among older adults with advanced lung cancer. Virtual physical therapy interventions can be safely delivered to improve physical performance as demonstrated by a moderate effect size for the SPPB in this patient population. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Based on the feasibility study results, delivering a virtual PT intervention to older patients with lung cancer can improve SPPB score leading to decreased frailty and improve quality of life among patients.
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Introduction: Posterior mediastinal mass is most likely due to neurogenic tumor, meningocele or thoracic spine lesions. Caudate lobe of the liver herniation presenting as posterior mediastinal mass is a rare occurrence. Diaphragmatic herniation (DH) of the caudate lobe presents in various way including dyspnea, dyspepsia or incidental finding on imaging. We present a case of diaphragmatic hernia of the caudate lobe of the liver presenting as a posterior mediastinal mass found during evaluation of dyspnea. Case Description/Methods: A 75-year-old female presented to her physician with worsening shortness of breath from her baseline of 3 days duration. She had a history of sarcoidosis, COVID pneumonia over 1 year ago, COPD, diastolic heart failure, and hypertension. She was initially evaluated for COVID re-infection, which was negative and a CT of the chest with contrast to check for sarcoidosis flare revealed posterior mediastinal mass measuring 4.5 x 6.5 x 6.4 cm. Further work up with CT chest and abdomen with contrast revealed that the posterior mediastinal mass had similar attenuation as the liver and appears continuous with the caudate lobe of the liver. This was confirmed by NM scan of liver. Review of her records from an outside organization revealed similar finding on imaging a few years ago. Patient denied any history of trauma and laboratory work up revealed normal liver functions. After pulmonologist evaluation she was started on 2 L home oxygen following six-minute walk test, and also CPAP following a positive sleep study. Pulmonary function tests were performed and inhalers were continued. Given the chronicity of her symptoms and co-morbidities with stable caudate lobe herniation, conservative management was advised with surgery warranted if symptoms persist despite treatment (Figure 1). Discussion(s): DH is typically found on the left side with stomach or intestine while the right side is usually guarded by the liver. Isolated herniation of part of the liver into the thoracic cavity is rarely reported and is mostly acute from traumatic or spontaneous rupture requiring immediate repair. Our patient was initially evaluated for the posterior mediastinal mass for concerns of tumor, followed by the finding of what was thought to be acute herniation of the caudate lobe of liver into the thoracic cavity. Review of records showed this to be a stable lesion, we suspect that the patient had congenital diaphragmatic defect. Chronic and stable liver herniation into thoracic cavity can be managed conservatively if uncomplicated.
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Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic pulmonary rehabilitation moved to a telehealth platform and the 1-min sit-to-stand test (1minSTS) was often used instead of the 6-min walk test (6MWT) to evaluate functional exercise capacity. We sought to determine;(i) the extent to which the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) could be estimated from the number of repetitions achieved during the 1minSTS and, (ii) agreement in cardiorespiratory responses elicited collected during the tests. Method(s): Data were extracted from medical records on all people who attended the advanced lung disease service at Fiona Stanley Hospital between September 2021 and January 2022. Pulse rate and oxygen saturation (SpO 2) were measured continuously during both tests using a pulse oximeter. Symptoms were quantified using the Borg scale (0 to 10). Result(s): Data were available on 80 participants (43 males;age 64 +/- 10 years;FEV 1 1.65 +/- 0.77 L). Compared with the 6MWT, the 1minSTS resulted in a higher nadir (mean difference [MD] 4%, 95% CI 3 to 5), higher peak pulse rate (MD 8 bpm, 95% CI 5 to 11), similar intensity of dyspnoea (MD -0.3, 95% CI -0.6 to 0.1) and greater leg fatigue (MD 1.1, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.6). Of those who demonstrated severe desaturation (SpO 2 nadir <85%) on the 6MWT (n = 18), 5 and 10 were classified as moderate (SpO 2 nadir 85% to 89%) or mild desaturators (SpO 2 nadir >= 90%), respectively on the 1minSTS. The equation that represented the relationship between 6MWD and 1minSTS was: 6MWD (m) = 247 + (7 x number of transitions achieved during the 1minSTS;r 2 = 0.44). Conclusion(s): The 6MWT elicited greater desaturation, a lower peak pulse rate and greater leg fatigue than the 1minSTS. A smaller proportion of people will be classified as 'severe desaturators' using the 1minSTS test. The capacity to estimate the 6MWD using results of the 1minSTS is limited.
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Background: COVID-19 infection was discovered to be the major global cause of a serious respiratory illness toward the end of 2019. The majority of COVID-19 patients experience mild disease, while about 14% go on to have severe disease and 6% end up in critical condition. An evidence-based standard of therapy called pulmonary rehabilitation includes exercise-training, education, and behavior modification to help people had a lung illness feel better physically and mentally. Aim(s): current study aimed to evaluate the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation program on severe post covid19 patients (post hospitalization) regarding pulmonary function tests and dyspnea score. Method(s): Randomized control experimental study design enrolled 100 patients of post hospitalization due to severe COVID 19 infection. Dyspnea score, Spirometry and 6-minute walk test were performed upon discharge. Pulmonary rehabilitation program in the form of respiratory exercises and walking exercise was done to 50 patients. Follow up assessment of the same parameters was done 6 weeks after the program. Other 50 patients had no pulmonary rehabilitation program to them. Result(s): Post COVID-19 cases in the experimental group show much improvement in percentage of normal breathing score (mMRC) 30% versus no cases in control group. In addition, the experimental group showed a significant higher percentage of normal spirometry findings (66% versus 28% in control group). As regards oxygen saturation, 6MWT score and distance, it showed a higher mean after practicing the exercise program. Conclusion(s): pulmonary rehabilitation program was effective in achieving much improvement in recovery of severe cases of COVID 19 infection.Copyright © 2021 Muslim OT et al.
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Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective treatment for people with chronic respiratory disease but is delivered to <5% of eligible individuals. Home-based telerehabilitation achieves similar clinical outcomes to centre-based PR in clinical trials. We aimed to evaluate the clinical implementation of telerehabilitation. Method(s): Suitable individuals with respiratory disease referred for PR at Alfred Health have been offered the option of an 8-week home-based telerehabilitation program (one home visit followed by twice-weekly exercise training sessions, with real time supervision, for 8-weeks). Equipment was provided to patients, as necessary. Standard PR assessments were conducted pre and post program. Program completion was defined as undertaking >=70% of prescribed sessions. Real-world implementation was evaluated against the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework. Result(s): Reach: Across 2-years (Sept 2020-22), 269 people were referred with 55 (21%) undertaking telerehabilitation (25 female, mean (SD) age 61 (11) years, 6-min walk distance (6MWD) 430 (120) metres, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire Dyspnoea (CRQD) domain 16 (6)). Participant diagnoses included COPD (n = 11), ILD (n = 15), bronchiectasis (n = 5), asthma (n = 2), post COVID-19 (n = 9), and pulmonary hypertension (n = 4). Forty participants (73%) completed >=70% of prescribed sessions. Effectiveness: Significant and clinically meaningful improvements were demonstrated (CRQD MD 4 (95% CI 1, 6);6MWD MD 24 m (95% CI 8, 41)). Adoption: Training to deliver telerehabilitation and perform home visits was completed by PR clinicians (n = 7 and n = 4 respectively). Implementation: All participants independently supplied Wi-Fi, and 40% used their own exercise equipment or internet-enabled device. Most participants had an in-person home visit (n = 45), and undertook cycle-based training (n = 46). Fifteen participants required additional support for iPad or videoconferencing navigation. There were no serious adverse advents. Maintenance will be evaluated following this pilot period. Conclusion(s): 'Real-world' telerehabilitation achieves clinically meaningful outcomes for patients and provided access to an effective model of PR particularly when centre-based programs were unavailable due to COVID-19 restrictions.
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Post-COVID syndrome develops after COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) and leads to cumulative effects in the form of shortness of breath and impaired lung function. Notably, patients with airway inflammation and COVID-19 were found to have increased concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA). Since bovhyaluronidase azoximer (Longidase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of HA, this drug has the potential to reduce HA levels and improve lung function in patients with post-COVID syndrome. The aim of the DISSOLVE trial, which was conducted early in the pandemic, was to investigate the efficacy and safety of bovhyaluronidase azoximer in patients with symptoms associated with post-COVID syndrome. Methods. An open, prospective, controlled, comparative, multicenter clinical trial (NCT04645368) included adult patients (n = 160) who had post-COVID syndrome. Patients in the treatment group (n = 81) received bovhyaluronidase azoximer, and individuals in the control group (n = 79) were followed up without intervention. The study included physical examination, evaluation of forced vital capacity (FVC), assessment of dyspnea with the Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC), 6-minute walking test, and pulse oximetry. These indicators were measured on 3 visits, at days 1 (baseline), 75, and 180. In addition, the number of patients who experienced adverse events and serious adverse events were recorded. Results. Baseline patient characteristics in the treatment group and the control group were similar. In the treatment group, there was a statistically significant reduction in residual pulmonary abnormalities after visit 2 (day 75) and visit 3 (day 180). In addition, FVC, pulse oximetry values, and functional exercise tolerance increased statistically significantly at days 75 and 180 compared to baseline. The mMRC scores for dyspnea decreased statistically significantly in the treatment group over 75 days. The safety profile of the drug was reported to be favorable throughout the study. Conclusion. Treatment with bovhyaluronidase azoximer in patients with post-COVID syndrome showed improvement in FVC, pulse oximetry, functional exercise tolerance, and mMRC dyspnea.Copyright © Chuchalin A.G. et al., 2023.
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Background: One of the most dreaded complications of COVID pneumonia is post-COVID residual lung fibrosis and lung function impairment. Objectives: To find out the extent and type of pulmonary function abnormality using spirometry, diffusion capacity, and 6-minute walk test and to co-relate with the clinical severity at the time of infection, in patients who have recovered from COVID19 pneumonia, in a tertiary care hospital in India. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study with a total 100 patients. Patients who have recovered from COVID pneumonia after one month of onset of symptoms and before 3 months who come for follow-up and have respiratory complaints undergo pulmonary function test will be recruited in the study. Results: In our study, the most common lung function abnormality detected was restrictive pattern in 55% of the patients (N = 55) followed by mixed pattern in 9% of patients (N = 9), obstructive in 5% of patients (N = 5), and normal in 31% of patients (N = 31). In our study, total lung capacity was reduced in 62% of the patients and normal in 38% of the patients and diffusion capacity of lung was reduced in 52% of the patients recovered from 52% of the individuals. Also, a 6-minute walk test was reduced in 15% of the patients and normal in 85% of the patients. Conclusion: Pulmonary function test can serve as an important tool in both diagnosis and follow-up of post-COVID lung fibrosis and pulmonary sequalae.
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Background Current recommendations suggest oxygen (O2) supplementation in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The effect of long-term O2 administration is though merely investigated among these patients. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of long term O2 treatment in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) on exercise capacity, clinical parameters and hemodynamics. Methods In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, 20 patients with PAH or CTEPH under stable PH therapy experiencing O2 desaturations at rest and/or during physical activity will be randomised to receive O2 or standard of care (SoC) for 12 weeks. To patients receiving SoC, O2 therapy will be offered after 12 weeks (cross over design). The primary endpoint is the change of the distance walked in 6 minutes after 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints include change in clinical parameters and hemodynamics. Results Overall 20 patients (O2 n = 10 vs. SoC n = 10) have already been randomized and 15 have completed the study. Two patients died, one patient due to SARS-CoV2 pneumonia in the oxygen arm and one due to right heart failure in the SoC arm. The O2 therapy is so far well tolerated by all patients. Further results are expected in due course. The study is expected to be completed by the end of December 2022. Conclusion Oxygen therapy is well tolerated. Further results are expected soon. The effect of long-term oxygen supplementation should be furtherly investigated in larger controlled-trials.
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BACKGROUND: Long-term sequelae due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are now under investigation. Aim of this study was to evaluate the one-year clinical impact of COVID-19 on respiratory function and relation with physical activity. METHOD(S): One hundred four patients were evaluated 3, 6 and 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Clinical conditions, symptomatology, 6-minute walking test (6MWT), pulmonary function test with spirometry and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) were analyzed. RESULT(S): Eighty-six (82.7%) patients referred at least one symptom at 3 months, 46 (44.2%) at 6 months and 24 (23.1%) at 12 months. At the 3-months visit, patients with moderate COVID showed a slight decrease of distance at the 6MWT, with an improvement at 12 months (P=0.04). Patients with severe COVID-19 showed a recovery of SpO2 at rest (P<0.001), DLCO (P=0.001), DLCO/VA (P=0.002), forced vital capacity (P=0.01) and 6MWT distance (P=0.002) at 6 and 12 months. Patients with critical COVID-19 showed a remarkable reduction of DLCO at 3 months (65+/-21%). Then a subsequent gradual improvement of DLCO was recorded (78+/-18% at 6 months, 85+/-16% at 12 months, P=0.01). Patients with DLCO<80% of predicted at 12 months were older (P=0.02), with higher prevalence of cardio-vascular disease (P=0.006), diabetes (P=0.01) and critical COVID-19 (P=0.003). The improvement of 6MWT distance and DLCO during the three visits did not correlate with physical activity. CONCLUSION(S): Patients with COVID-19 lung involvement showed a progressive improvement in respiratory function and physical performance at 6 and 12 months after acute disease.Copyright © 2022 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA.
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Purpose:The devasting effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have warranted the rapid development of evidence surrounding the physical therapy (PT) management of the disease within inpatient settings. However, the medical community is still working to define the long-term effects of COVID-19, referred to as Postacute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), and ways for physical therapists to manage them in outpatient settings. The primary objective of this review was to summarize the available evidence related to the PT management of PASC in outpatient settings. Method(s):A systematic search in PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane CENTRAL, Academic Search Complete, and MedLine yielded systematic and scoping reviews and randomized controlled trials, among others. Data extraction was performed independently by 2 reviewers with 8 studies included. Result(s):Only 3 publications were specific to the outpatient setting area, with 5 more studies that focused on outpatient practice as part of a multisetting study, or the postacute setting. Although the limited number and quality of publications creates challenges applying the interventions provided across a population, each were specific to PASC. Conclusion(s):This review supports the need for further research focused on the PT management of patients who are experiencing PASC in outpatient settings.Copyright © Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Section, APTA.
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Introduction: The term "post-COVID syndrome" encompasses a wide range of clinical conditions following SARSCOV2 infection. Whether post-COVID syndrome can be associated with a prolonged inflammatory and immune response is still unknown. Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) pH has been recognized as a robust marker of lung inflammation in various diseases (Kharitonov et al. Chest 2006;130(5):1541-46). However, evidences on the role of EBC pH in diagnosing lung inflammation in post-COVID syndrome are still lacking. Aims and objectives: We aimed to investigate EBC pH in patients suffering from post-COVID syndrome. Method(s): We enrolled 10 patients hospitalized with acute respiratory failure and COVID-19 pneumonia. We performed a complete follow up after 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2) from discharge. Each visit included routine blood tests, arterial blood gas analysis, 6 minute walking test and body plethysmography. Finally, bronchial and alveolar EBC pH were collected at the end of each visit. Result(s): Alveolar EBC pH was significantly lower at T1 compared with T2 samples (p= 0.0007). Moreover, in T1 analysis, we found a less acid pH in bronchial EBC compared to the alveolar one (p=0.003). Alveolar and bronchial EBC did not differ at T2, as well as bronchial EBC from T1 to T2. Serum inflammatory biomarkers did not differ from T1 to T2 analysis. Finally, alveolar EBC was directly correlated with Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio (R=0.71, p=0.02). Conclusion(s): Alveolar EBC pH is a useful non-invasive tool to characterize and monitor lung inflammation in patients with post-COVID syndrome. Furthermore, no other serum biomarker seems to be sensitive enough to identify residual phlogosis after COVID-19 disease.
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Covid19 may be associated with prolonged symptoms and post-recovery health impairment. We aim to evaluate persistent symptoms and lung function test (spirometry and 6 minute walk) in patients who were discharged from the hospital after recovery from COVID-19. Method(s): It is a retrospective cohort study including patients admitted to the COVID-19 unit of general hospital ISSSTE dr Belisario Dominguez from Chiapas Mexico, between May 2020 to December 2020. Clinical data were collected from medical records. The patients were evaluated through the follow-up consultation by trained physicians and were asked to respond to a specific questionnaire to collect symptoms after discharge, and spirometry and 6MW were performed at the same visit. Result(s): We enrolled 27 patients, 16 men and 11 women, after a mean of 163 days following admission. The average age was 54 years (21-78) was 1.36. The average length of hospitalization was 15.6 dias days. Twenty six patients (96%) had residual symptoms. The most frequently reported persistent symptoms were insomnia (62%), memory loss (58%), dyspnea and dizziness (54%), headaches (50%), myoarthralgia (46%), cough and tachycardia (35%) and chest pain (12%). Regarding spirometry, 9 patients had a normal study, in the remainder the study was restrictive and the average CFV% was 65%. The average in meters of the 6MW was 325 meters, only two patients had saturation less than 90% during the test (89 and 84%) but they concluded the study. Conclusion. Regarding spirometry, almost two-thirds have a restrictive pattern and 6MW is normal in practically all patients. Even after discharge, patients have persistent symptoms that affect their daily life.
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Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has showed to cause long-term pulmonary sequelae. Objects: The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences on pulmonary function of the SARS-CoV-2 infection related to the severity of the disease and exercise tolerance. Method(s): a retrospective cohort study was performed at the "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Academic hospital (Rome, Italy) where 75 patients evaluated in the post-COVID outpatient clinics at the Respiratory units were included in the study. Complete pulmonary function tests, 6-minute walk tests and persistence of symptoms were evaluated. Result(s): among the 75 subjects, 23 were mild, 16 moderate, 26 severe and 10 very severe based on the WHO classification. Very severe patients had a lower FVC (100+/-10%pr) compared to the others groups (116+/-16%pr, 116+/-13%pr, 122+/-20%pr from mild to severe;p<0,05) and a lower TLC (94+/-13%pr) compared to the others (102+/-10%pr, 108+/-15%pr, 108+/-12%pr from mild to severe;p<0,05). DL'co and DL'co/VA were similar among groups. At the 6MWT, distance, basal and nadir SpO2 were similar among groups, but all groups presented a significant decrease of SpO2 from basal to the nadir (Basal SpO2: 97,0+/-1,0% vs Nadir SpO2: 93,6+/-2,7%, p.<0,01). A positive correlation was found between desaturation and delta SpO2 (basal-nadir) (R: 0.29, p<0,05) and the Distance Desaturation Product (R: 0.39, p<0,01). Conclusion(s): These results showed that, although the PFTs are within the normal range, there is a restrictive spirometric pattern in very severe subjects. Moreover, the only persistent pathological sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection were a mild desaturation at 6MWT, despite the severity.
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Introduction: Pulmonary function can be affected in Long COVID Syndrome as long-term health consequences caused by SARS CoV2 infection. Objects: The aim of the study was to evaluate the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pulmonary function, exercise tolerance and muscle strength in healthy middle age outpatients. Method(s): a retrospective cohort study was carried out at the long-COVID outpatient clinics after 3 month from the last negative PCR test. Pulmonary function tests, diffusion of carbon monoxide (Dlco), 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Handgrip Test (HT), and One Minute Sit to Stand Test (1'STS) were perfomed and only in symptomatic patients chest HRCT was carried out. Subjects included were divided according to age, BMI positive HRCT for pneumonia and comorbidities. Result(s): 89 males and 4 female (age: 49,49 +/- 9,1yrs) were included. Subjects older than 50 yrs or with a positive HRCT had a significantly (p<0,05) lower FVC, DLco, and 6MWT distance compared to younger subjects or subjects with negative or no HRCT. Subjects with a greater BMI (>30) had similar lung function compared to the group with a BMI<=30, but a significantly lower distance at the 6MWT (509m vs 570m, p.<0,05), a lower nadir saturation and a lower number of repetition at the 1'STS. In the all group, the DLco, %pr positively correlates with number of repetition at the 1'STS, the distance at the 6MWT and the strength at the HG. Conclusion(s): These results showed that BMI has an impact on exercise tolerance impairment, age and CT pulmonary involvement due to SARS-CoV-2 infection lead to a spirometric restrictive pattern, while DLco correlates with an impaired exercise tolerance, regardless of the exercise modalities.
ABSTRACT
To date, millions of people worldwide have recovered from COVID19, but concern remains on long-term impairment. We aimed to determine 3-6 months respiratory outcomes in a Latin American Public Health Hospital. Method(s): COVID-19 patients referred (April-June 2021,gamma variant breakdown) were enrolled, recalling epidemiology, demographic, comorbidities, laboratory, radiology, treatment and outcomes, performing spirometry, lung volumes, diffusing capacity (DLCO), walking test (6MWT);values< 80% of predicted were considered abnormal. Logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate covariates associated with DLCO abnormality. Result(s): 56 patients followed 6 months make up the cohort. 56,9 +/- 13,0 years, 58,9% female,46,4% ever smokers, 42,9% obesity (BMI >30), 37,5% hypertension, 23,2% diabetes, 16,1% heart disease, 16,1% asthma. 64% dyspnea (MRC>1), 50% fatigue, sit to stand Sp02% 94,7 +/- 3,9. Lymphocites103 /muL 413,3 +/- 625,7,D-dimer ng/ml 3050,9 +/-7226,1,ferritin ng/ml 641,8 +/- 1173,4, 21.4% radiology abnormality, 35.7% admitted to ICU, days stay 17,1 +/- 10,5. 3 vs 6 months: TLC 5,3 +/- 1,9 vs 5,16 +/- 2,3 p=0.05;FVC 3,10 +/- 0,9 vs 3,16 +/- 1,0 p=0.04;DLCO:17,2 +/- 6,0 vs 17,8 +/- 6,2 7 p=0.006;Sp02% in 6MWT 90,1 +/- 98,2 vs 91,1 +/- 3,6 p=0.05. 6 months: dyspnea 28.6%, fatigue 26.8%, abnormality in: FVC 12,5%,FEV1 16,1%,DLCO 58,9%,distance 6MW 28,6%. Abnormal DLCO correlations: age > 65 p=0.02,smoking p=0.04,heart disease p=0.04,dyspnea MRC>1 p=0.002, persistent fatigue p=0.05. Conclusion(s): At 6 months some COVID-19 patients maintain symptoms and impaired DLCO and are the main target for further follow up and intervention.